General Rules
1.
No one should attempt to
operate any power equipment unless they are familiar with its operation and
they have authorization to do so. Students must have a full orientation and
must be supervised while operating any of the machine shop tools.
2.
Do not work with power
machinery unless another person is in the near vicinity. Students must be
supervised.
3.
Check the machinery
thoroughly before using it, prior to starting it up. Machinery should be locked
out and or unplugged before attempting maintenance or repairs. See Lockout.
4.
Always wear safety
glasses or safety glasses with a face shield while using any tool.
5.
Never wear ties, gloves,
or loose clothing when working with power tools. Roll up long sleeves. Tie back
long hair.
6.
Use safeguards as
designed on all machines. All moving drive mechanisms should be enclosed.
7.
Pay attention to the
work. Do not talk to other people while operating the machinery and do not fool
around with the equipment.
8.
Keep your fingers clear
of all cutting tools or moving devices.
9.
Stop the machine
immediately if some odd noise or vibration develops. Investigate the source of
the problem and do not operate the equipment until the trouble has been
corrected.
10.
Never use your bare
hands to remove chips, shavings, or other material from your work. Use a brush
or push stick.
11.
Clean oil and grease
from around the work area.
12.
Put all oily waste in a
closed container, away from flammables. Empty this container at the end of each
day.
13.
Report all accidents
immediately to your instructor or supervisor. Get prompt medical treatment
(Health Nurse or First Aid) for any injuries.
Drill Press
Pre-Operation
1.
Safety goggles or
glasses with side shields must be worn to prevent the eyes from being struck by
flying chips. It may also be necessary to wear a face shield. Eye protection
must be worn under the face shield.
2.
To guard the operator
from contacting the spindle, a plastic or mesh shield can be used. When
necessary, a telescoping guard that covers the end of the tool can be used.
3.
Using dull drills is a
frequent cause of bit breakage. A thin drill may also break and cause injury.
Ensure that the drill bit used is the proper on for the job.
4.
The drill's head and
arm, as well as the work must be securely clamped.
5.
Catching, hair, skin,
clothing or gloves in the revolving parts is a common hazard when working with
a drill press. Remove all jewelry; do not wear gloves or loose clothing when
operating this piece of equipment.
6.
Sweeping chips or trying
to remove long spiral chips by hand must be avoided. Use a stick for this
purpose.
7.
Ensure that the key or
the drift is not left in the chuck. If the drill press is turned on, the key or
chuck will become like a missile with great velocity.
8.
Failing to replace the
guard over the speed change pulley or gears can cause entanglement in the
gears. Be sure that prior to starting the equipment that all guards are in
place.
9.
The table must be secure
and set to desired height and angle prior to commencing work. A loose table can
cause the bit to jam, sending the workpiece into high-speed rotation.
10.
The drill bit must not
be allowed to cut into the table. A spacer board can be used if necessary for
this purpose.
11.
Drill bits with a screw
point are to be used for a hand brace only. When used with the drill press, the
point will feed in at too fast a rate and jam the bit into the work. Also, when
you lift the bit out of the work, the screw point lifts the work off the table
and continues to drill.
12.
The work area must be
kept orderly. Tripping over debris into the rotating parts from on untidy work
area could happen. The drill press will grab any loose materials and tighten
them around the revolving parts.
Operation
1.
Do not feed the bit too
quickly into the work. Too fast a feed can cause the bit to jam and possibly
break.
2.
The work should be
firmly held. If the work is too small to hold safely by hand, it should be held
by a vise or held between tow pieces of wood or metal (depending on the
material being drilled)
3.
When deep holes are
drilled, frequently remove the drill and clean out the chips. If the chips are
allowed to collect, they may jam up the bit, freeze in the hole and then break.
Furthermore, a frozen tool may cause unclamped or insecurely clamped work to
spin and injure the operator. The bit does not need to be raised clear of the
hole in order to do this. It is actually better that you don't as you run the
risk of having the work move while the bit is out.
4.
Power must be
disconnected and locked out prior to making any changes or adjustment son the
drill press.
5.
When using the sanding
drum on the drill press, the operator and others in the area should wear a dust
mask.
6.
When turning off the
power to leave the equipment, always ensure that the drill has come to a
complete stop before leaving. The chuck should never be stopped by hand, but
allowed to stop on its own.
7.
When you change bits on
a drill press, remove the key from the chuck before you go to get a new bit.
Get into the habit of only letting go the key when you put it back into its
place of storage.
Angle and Pedestal Grinders
Pre-operation Checklist
1.
Always wear eye
protection. (Safety glasses under a face shield).
2.
Remove ties, rings,
watches and other jewelry. Long hair should be tied back and loose sleeves
should not be worn. Do not wear gloves when operating a buffing, grinding or
polishing wheel.
3.
Make sure the wheel
guards are in place and properly adjusted and tightened.
4.
Don't adjust a grinder
when it is running.
5.
Blotter and wheel
flanges used to mount the grinding wheels onto the shaft of the grinder must be
in place.
6.
Tool rests must be
adjusted and tightened to ensure that there is less than a 1/8-inch gap from
the wheel.
7.
Wheels should be
inspected prior to turning on the power. Wheels with cracks or chips or that
are badly rutted should not be used. They may require dressing or permanent
removal from service.
8.
Check that the speed
rating of the grinding wheel is equal to or exceeds the speed rating of the
grinder. The maximum approved speed stamped on the wheel blotter should be
checked against the arbour speed of the machine to ensure that the safe
peripheral speed is not exceeded.
Operation
1.
Stand to one side of the
wheel when turning on the power.
2.
Before commencing
grinding, allow the grinding wheel to run at operating speed for at least one
minute.
3.
When commencing a
grinding operation, bring the object into contact with the grinding wheel
slowly and smoothly avoiding impact or bumping motions.
4.
Move the object being
ground back and forth across the face of the wheel as this prevents ruts or
grooves from forming.
5.
Dress the wheel on the
face only. Dressing the sides may cause it to become too thin for safe use.
6.
Use the face of the
wheel when grinding. Do not press too hard on the wheel.
7.
Vibrating wheels should
not be used. They must be dressed or replaced or the bearings of the shaft
replaced if they are worn.
8.
Do not touch the ground
portion of the workpiece until you are sure that it is cool.
9.
Shut off the power and
do not leave until the wheel has come to a complete stop.
10.
Clean the work area when
finished using the grinder.
11.
Disconnect angle
grinders from the power source when making repairs or changing discs.
12.
Pedestal grinders-turn
off the power switch and lockout the electrical switch before doing any
repairs.
Wheel Dressing Procedure
1.
Wear a face shield over
your safety glasses for protection against heavy particles.
2.
Use a dressing tool
approved for the job.
3.
Inspect star dressers
for loose shaft and worn disks.
4.
Round off the wheel
edges with a hand stone before and after dressing to prevent the edges from
chipping.
5.
Use the work rest to
support and guide the tool.
6.
Use a tool holder if one
is available.
7.
Apply moderate pressure
slowly and evenly.
8.
Always apply diamond
dressers at the centre of slightly below the centre, never above.
Band Saw
Pre-Operation
1.
Safety glasses or
goggles must be worn. If a face shield is required, safety glasses or goggles
should be worn under it.
2.
Do not wear any clothing
or jewelry that can catch on parts of the saw blade. It is good practice to
remove all jewelry prior to using the saw.
3.
When hand feeding, the
operator's hands will be close to the blade, therefore a push stick must be
used.
4.
The band saw wheel and
all working parts of the blade must be enclosed to prevent contact points.
5.
Ensure that the blade is
in properly installed. The teeth of the blade should point downwards as it goes
through the table.
6.
The saw will have a
tension guide, which must correspond with the width of the blade.
7.
While the blade cannot
be completely covered, the adjustable blade guard should be installed as close
as possible to the workpiece. This will prevent contact with the front and
sides of the blade.
8.
The guard that forms the
curvature of the feed rolls should cover the nip point. This guard should be
installed so that the edge is 9 mm from the plane that is formed by the inside
face of the feed roll in contact with the stock.
9.
The upper blade guide
must be adjusted so that it is 6 mm above the work.
10.
Check the blade to
ensure that it tracks properly.
11.
Clear away all materials
from the table and around the saw.
Operation
1.
The blade must reach
full speed before cutting.
2.
Feed the stock at a
moderate speed. Do not force the cut.
3.
Make several relief cuts
before attempting a sharp curve cut. This prevents the sawblade from binding
and possibly breaking the blade or causing it to jump of the wheel guides.
4.
Plan cuts to avoid
having to back out of long, curving cuts.
5.
Before backing out of a
cut, shut off the saw and allow it to come to a complete stop. A band saw may
coast for a long time.
6.
The operator or another
person should never stand on the right hand side of the table. If a blade breaks
it will fly off to the right. Broken blades should be changed only when the
power has been shut off and the saw has come to a complete stop. The equipment
should be locked out when a blade is being changed or other maintenance work is
performed.
7.
Sharp curves should only
be cut with a narrow blade.
8.
Do not twist or apply
pressure to the blade.
9.
Clear material away from
the table only with a stick. Never remove material from the table with your
hands.
10.
A clicking sound
indicates that the blade could be cracked. Shut off the power and lock out the
equipment prior to changing the blade. Change the blade if necessary.
Band Saw Crack Limits
Band Saw Width
|
Maximum Length of Crack
|
||
Millimetres
|
Inches
|
Millimetres
|
Inches
|
Up to 125
|
Up to 5
|
1/10 of saw width
|
1/10 of saw width
|
125 to 300
|
5 to 12
|
13
|
1/2
|
Over 300
|
Over 12
|
19
|
3/4
|
1.
A band saw with a crack
exceeding the limit specified in the above table must be removed from service
until the crack is repaired and the saw retensioned by a qualified person
2.
A band saw with a crack
not exceeding the limit specified in the table must be removed from service
until the crack is repaired or the lengthening of the crack has been arrested
by centre punching or other effective means and the saw re-tensionned as
required.
3.
A shake band saw with a
crack cannot be used.
1.
Unless otherwise
specified by the manufacturer or a professional engineer, the minimum rim
thickness of a cast steel band saw wheel measured 25 mm (I inch0 inboard form
the rim edge must be:
§ 14 mm (9/16 in) for wheels up to and including
1.8m (6 ft diameter,
§ 16 mm (5/8 in) for wheels over 1.8 m (6 ft) up
to and including 2.75 m (9ft) diameter, and
§ 17.5 mm (11/16in) for wheels over 2.75 m (9ft)
diameter.
2.
A qualified person must
nondestructively test a wheel over 1.2 m (48 in) diameter for cracks at least
once per year.
3.
A cracked wheel or a
wheel which has been exposed to excessive heat must be removed from service
until the wheel manufacturer, or a professional engineer, has certified it as
safe for continued use. Never leave a running saw unattended. When you are
finished using the saw, wait until the blade comes to a full stop before
leaving the equipment. With a band saw, especially a large one, this may take
some time.
Lathe
Operation
1.
Safety glasses or
goggles must be worn. A face shield and/or dust mask is also required if the
operation is dusty.
2.
A person using the lathe
must have prior instruction. Students must be supervised.
3.
Operators should
carefully inspect all parts of a lathe for defects before starting a job.
4.
Clamp your work firmly.
Use the correct type and size of chuck for the job.
5.
Persons using the lathe
must check that the stock does not have any checks, splits, cracks or knots.
The stock must be constantly checked to ensure that it will not break during
lathing.
6.
The clearance between
the workplace and the toolrest should be about 1/8 inch (3mm). Hold turning
chisels firmly in place in the tool rest.
7.
After adjusting the
chuck, remove the chuck wrench immediately.
8.
Be sure all guards are
in place around the rotating heads of the lathe before attempting to operate
the machine.
9.
Use sharp tools,
properly adjusted for height and position.
10.
Turn the faceplate or
chuck by hand to make sure there is no binding and the work will not strike any
part of the lathe.
11.
Stop the machine and
unplug before making any adjustments or measurements.
12.
If metal or plastic
shavings build up on the tool, stop the lathe and remove them with pliers,
never with bare hands.
13.
Be careful not to run
the cutting tool into the chuck or dog. Make sure there will be ample clearance
on the work before starting to cut.
14.
Files must not be used
on the lathe unless they are fitted with handles. The use of hand-held strips
of abrasive cloth to polish the work is prohibited.
15.
Always feed the stock
into the rotation of the cutter.
Milling Machine
1.
Always safety glasses or
goggles with side shields. If it is necessary to wear a face shield, safety
glasses or goggles must be worn underneath.
2.
Persons using the
milling machine must have instruction and understand the safe operation of the
equipment. Students must be supervised at all times.
3.
Always unlock or unplug
machine before making any adjustments.
4.
Draw the job back to a
safe distance prior to making any adjustments.
5.
Do not use a vise or jig
that prevents close adjustment of the guard. Never leave the cutter exposed
after the job has been removed.
6.
Do not leave hand tools
on the worktable.
7.
Always securely clamp
the work prior to milling.
8.
Never reach around the
cutter to remove debris when the machine is in motion.
9.
Always use a brush to
remove cuttings, never sweep them away with your hand.
10.
Do not adjust the flow
of the coolant while the machine is running.
11.
Work should only be
measured or calipered when the machine is not running.
12.
Do not use a rag to
clean excess oil off the table while the machine is running. Wait until the
machine has come to a full stop.
13.
Do not wear gloves,
rings, ties loose hair or jewelry that may get caught in the power clamps.
14.
Ensure that cutters are
correctly dressed and stored.
15.
Never remove a nut from
the machine's arbor by applying power to the machine.
16.
Take care not to strike
the cutter with a hand or arm while setting up or adjusting a stopped machine.
17.
Be conscious of the
distances between the arbor and other parts.
18.
Never clean the machine
while it is in motion.
